Franglais:
Rjan:
Moreover you tacitly assume a reduced need to labour necessarily translates to more leisure or control. In fact it may as easily automate the tools of repression, or automate practices which inflict unpaid work demands on the majority.
You say I am assuming more leisure time. I am saying that if automation increases, then labour will be reduced, so leisure must increase.There could be a conscious move against further automation, but I am assuming in this scenario that this will not happen.
(It is possible to examine why that may be a good or bad assumption, but this a post not a book)
I always think of what Victorian philosopher John Stuart Mill said, that “a labour-saving device never saved anyone a minute’s labour”, and he went on to point out that in capitalist society, the purpose of such devices anyway was not to reduce toil but to increase profit and exploitation.
Indeed I might also think of when Prince Philip remarked on 1980s unemployment, saying “Everybody was saying we must have more leisure. Now they are complaining they are unemployed.”! The problem with unemployment being that whatever dole you are given is never enough to fill your time with leisure, and if it was then the rich would quickly reduce dole, or increase bills and rents, to absorb the difference between your actual means and your ability to engage in leisure.
It’s frightening that you can assume that, in the main, automation in a class society must lead to more leisure, rather than to worse work or to unemployment (i.e. at best idle time without social usefulness or any proportionate means of leisure, and at worst starvation, homelessness, or torment by Kafkaesque state bureaucracy, applied in automatic style).
Even the logic that automation must lead to there being less demand for work overall is wrongheaded. In the hands of the rich, it is as easily capable of turbocharging the demand for labour, if not from employees in a work setting then from citizens in their “own” time. I’ve already mentioned how the utility system has gone from a postwar Integrated model to a balkanised one in which we must all constantly labour for free, “comparing prices”, “switching”, and dealing with all the other hassles.
Look at speed cameras or cab cameras, which automate the task of the policeman and the supervisor, respectively.
Moreover, if the daily wages are pennies, I’d have my car washed every hour. Why tolerate a single instance of bird ■■■■ for longer than necessary? We have even seen car washes de-automated since the 1980s, even though such external washing done by hand is about as spurious an activity as washing the roof or the brickwork of your house (and reminiscent of housewives who used to get down and scrub the steps outside their front doors).
The amount of makework in a class society is potentially unlimited, and because the devising and maintaining of machines is always expensive up-front, it will be workers who are dragged into such makework. And because it is inessential to any real purpose, and can be forgone without any real dysfunction, the wages it attracts will always be puny, and yet for the worker, the alternative to performing such makework for a pittance, will be outright starvation.
Rjan:
And even the toff who can spend all day on the golf course, usually tries to involve himself in something regarded as socially useful, whether as a gentleman amateur in the arts or sciences, politics (like Trump), or often these days in some sort of economic management role (whether as a philanthropist, corporate investor, etc.).
What the worker wants is not truly an end to work, though many may be so alienated from their existing work as to imagine they do.
What the worker wants is a measure of control over their daily activity - not usually so much control that it does not matter what they do, nor that all reserves of individual willpower are spent motivating themselves in every respect, but enough control to establish a harmony between themselves, their activity, and the other people involved. The measure of control is not just individual either - people want to live in a society where relations between people afford collective control; a society that promotes people working together.
Yep, agreed.
Yes, so we should ourselves be wary of any proposal which claims it will abolish work. If the boy Oliver complained about the quality of his Victorian gruel, would we be cheering a proposal to “reduce and abolish feeding”?
Wouldn’t it make more sense to improve the quality of food, to make eating more pleasurable? And wouldn’t a proposal to abolish feeding altogether be seen as an attack on our very survival?
Franglais:
The greatest destroyer of lives in the ex mining communities etc is not the lack of jobs, but the lack of funds. If there was a decent UBI then those whose unsafe and unhealthy jobs were ended would not all be twiddling their thumbs or drinking cheap booze.
I am not advocating doing away with jobs so the current workers are paid next to nowt.
I am not saying “force people onto the dole” if that remains at pathetic levels.
We are not yet there, but we need to consider now how society will function given (assuming) ever more automation.
The problem is you are saying “force people onto the dole”, tacitly and by default!
That is really all a UBI is - a dole. And the same political questions will apply to the setting of the UBI as to the dole.
You’re right that ex-mining communities would have been in a better state with more money. But who would provide that money? What are the ex-miners going to provide to other workers in exchange for their cash, if not coal? I’m not going to work full-time behind the wheel to allow the ex-miner to play golf, as well as paying the foreigner separately for the actual coal I’m still buying.
Moreover, if I’m a landlord or a mortgagelender providing houses to these ex-miners, why let them spend all their funds on the golf course? Why not increase the rents for tenancies and moneylending, and let the doley/full-time UBIer sit at home idle as if he were on a small dole, whilst I drive to the golf course in a chauffered Rolls Royce, paid for by how the UBI largesse has allowed rents to be increased and more income stolen from the recipient than before?
I’m intentionally putting this argument in the starkest terms.
I started this post with a mention of JS Mill who was writing in Victorian times, and the UBI too has a historical precedent: the Speenhamland system of outdoor relief. Without every manner of rent controls, no system of social security can operate effectively.
Post-war politicians understood this - when rent subsidies were introduced in the 1970s as a form of social security, rent controls were also applied (as they had been on-and-off since the start of the war), to ensure that rents did not inflate and the intended recipients were bettered instead of landlords. The wage market was also stitched up relatively tight, to ensure that employers could not capture the new subsidies by offering lower wages.
Later, rent controls were abolished, and workers ability to control wages has also been severely assaulted, even when new social security payments like Tax Credits were introduced, so in the long term there has simply been a massive shift of taxpayer wealth to landlords and employers, so almost no family with children can now survive on a wage alone, because rents have increased and wages fallen to allow landlords and employers to claim the government subsidy for themselves.
This is the big question that UBI fanatics cannot answer. If UBI requires rent and wage controls, and if large rents and poor wages are the reason why people need a UBI in the first place, then why not just control rents and wages? If your rent is small, and if any work you do is guaranteed to produce a good wage, and if having a good wage means you can tell the boss to sod off and take to bed for six months, then who needs a UBI?
The real reason the rich are interested in UBI, which is why you hear it mentioned relentlessly by liberals like those at the Guardian, is so that the rich can increase their claim upon the taxpayer. “Pay everyone enough so that they don’t have to work!”, they say. Then in six months, rents have soared once everyone has a UBI, and everyone must once again work to live or be out on the street.
Or, played out another way, with the UBI, the rich really can lay off most of the country’s workforce in a frenzy of automation (except for the owners and managers of the machines - they will still work in non-automatic roles), but their banking and property investments will not suddenly plunge to zero, confronted with a populace who must be housed, but suddenly cannot pay their mortgages or rents.