Carryfast:
My point was that we’ve already established that employing two workers sharing a job doesn’t cost the employer any more in employer’s tax/NI contributions.But I don’t completely buy your explanation.Because it doesn’t make much sense ,from the employer’s point of view,in having a disillusioned workforce that’s only working for him out of desperation.
However the more logical explanation is that employers don’t want to create any reduced supply in the labour market.IE just economic reasons related to keeping a cap on wage rates not exploitative ones.
The two explanations are one and the same. What does maintaining over-supply in the labour market mean? It means unemployment and thus workers desperate to work. What does capping wage rates at a low level mean, if not exploitation?
It can’t be taken for granted that every boss has a thorough understanding, or that their reasoning is all the same, but probably none can overlook the fact that their ability to impose higher demands and lower wages (generally referred to obliquely as “discipline”) is related to their workers’ need to work.
The 3-day-a-week man may just present initially as an oddity to a small boss, but even with an equivalent tax burden, hiring a larger number of workers for the same work is going to increase the administrative burden, and he’s bound eventually to ask himself “why does this man only need 3 days, when all my other men need 5 to live?”.
A larger boss is likely to understand the structural factors. If he hires 400 men instead of 200, it’s not just the administrative burden at stake but the obvious fact that it’s going to cause hiring difficulties and increased wages, and soaking up all the surplus is going to increase bargaining power and thus have a second-round effect on increasing wages, or else its going to cost a bomb in training (and even then, he must compete harder with other employers for the trainees themselves, for available workers are not infinite).
However having said that any employer that would potentially regard any worker/s who want to share a 6 day week among two on a 3 day week basis as ‘lazy gits’ would point to a form of exploitation but not of the type which you seem to be describing.It would be more along the lines which we see so often of employers wanting to keep workers down because of a psychological issue.In which the bosses don’t want to create any ‘perception’ of their workers having an ‘easier’ or ‘better’ quality of life than their own perceived quality of life.IE the boss has to work 5 days or possibly even less per week week and he considers it demeaning to his sense of ‘entitlement’ as ‘the boss’,based on all the usual bs that he’s the one taking all the entrepreneurial risks and if he can’t have a 3 day week then no one working for him can.Or for that matter only he is entitled to a better quality of life.In which case yes possibly ‘exploitative’ reasons but possibly not exactly along the lines that you are describing.
The boss may think like that. But it still adds up to the same. He may use the language that it is an attack on his dignity and entitlement, but he clearly thereby understands that it impugns the privilege of his position in some way. He might not know exactly how it impugns his position, only that it does.
As for the Victorian workers doing job share no chance on Victorian wage rates.
But that’s the whole point isn’t it - that if wage rates are sufficiently low, it shouldn’t be possible to share jobs.
Britain was the most wealthy nation in the world at the time - as Engels memorably recalled, when he remonstrated with a factory owner on a Manchester street corner about the conditions of the working class, to which the curt response was “and yet a great deal of money is made here, good day sir!”.
The factories were vastly more productive than small workshops, and factory wage rates were initially much higher (which is what induced people initially to abandon the countryside and accept the higher intensity and unpleasantness in the factories), but the point for bosses is to create the widest gap possible between the value of the work done and the wages paid for it, and as the Victorian period wore on they succeeded in doing so (not least by abolishing the Corn Laws, and thus imposing more competition in agriculture, outsourcing food production to the colonies, and forcing down pay in the countryside until workers had to work in the factories for similar pay and worse conditions than they had in the countryside).
A slightly more modern corollary that I know you’ll like was the behaviour of Henry Ford. He paid top wages in his day, whereas nowadays you’ll be paid little more in a car plant than in a warehouse.
However surely there’s a point where wage rates are sufficient to start saying that it’s better to share jobs,on the basis of reducing the working week, rather than maintaining the obsolete idea of the 5,let alone 6,day week.
Yes, that was one of the main achievements of the unions in the early 20th century. The 8-hour working day, initially with a half-day on Saturday, and eventually that disappeared for most. Not just in the UK, but across Europe and in the US.
John McDonnell has proposed something similar with more bank holidays and an investigation into a 4-day week, but many workers it seems are opposed to a real Labour government.
With the win win that not only would that actually mean a better work life balance but it would also reduce the labour supply putting upward pressure on wage rates.At which point we’re again getting into the realms of the good old fashioned opposing interests of employers and workers.Bearing in mind that the OP’s specific example has absolutely no connection with any type of job which I personally might be searching for now.
Agreed.
IE it’s a general observation which affects numerous sectors of the employment market.Which just ‘includes’ older winding down semi retired workers with less financial commitments and who are looking for a shorter working week to a greater degree.
And the simple question poses itself again: why is a boss going to hire a 60-year-old part-timer, when he can hire a 40-year-old full-timer? The answers are above.