gov.uk/workplace-pensions/a … e-pensions
Workplace pensions
About workplace pensions
What you, your employer and the government pay
Protection for your pension
Managing your pension
Changing jobs and taking leave
If you want to leave your workplace pension scheme
Get help and advice
1. About workplace pensions
A workplace pension is a way of saving for your retirement that’s arranged by your employer.
Some workplace pensions are called ‘occupational’, ‘works’, ‘company’ or ‘work-based’ pensions.
How they work
A percentage of your pay is put into the pension scheme automatically every payday.
In most cases, your employer also adds money into the pension scheme for you, and you get tax relief from the government.
When you can take your pension pot depends on your pension scheme’s rules - it’s usually 55 at the earliest.
What you’ll get and how you can take it depends on the type of scheme your employer offers you. You can usually take 25% of the money tax free.
If the amount of money in your pension pot is quite small, you may be able to take it all as a lump sum - 25% would be tax free but you’d pay Income Tax on the rest.
Workplace pensions and the State Pension
You can get money from a workplace or other pension on top of the State Pension.
Today the maximum basic State Pension you can get is £115.95 per week for a single person.
‘Automatic enrolment’
A new law means that every employer must automatically enrol workers into a workplace pension scheme if they:
are aged between 22 and State Pension age
earn more than £10,000 a year
work in the UK
This is called ‘automatic enrolment’.
Use the Pensions Regulator staging date calculator to check if the new law applies to you and when you’ll be enrolled. The calculator is for employers but also works for employees.
You may not see any changes if you’re already in a workplace pension scheme. But if your employer doesn’t already contribute to your pension, they will have to start when they ‘automatically enrol’ every worker.
Your employer doesn’t have to automatically enrol you in a workplace pension if you give them evidence of your lifetime allowance protection (eg a certificate from HMRC).
Next
What you, your employer and the government pay
2. What you, your employer and the government pay
If you pay Income Tax, the government will add money to your workplace pension in the form of tax relief.
However, even if you don’t pay Income Tax, you’ll still get tax relief if your pension scheme uses relief at source to add tax relief to your pension pot.
Your employer may also add money. A new law (‘automatic enrolment’) means that employers will have to pay in to eligible workers’ pension schemes - check if it applies to you.
Who pays what
The amount you and your employer pay in depends on:
what type of workplace pension scheme you’re in
whether you’ve been automatically enrolled in a workplace pension
This is an example of how contributions work if you’re in a defined contribution pension scheme.
Example
Each payday:
you put in £40
your employer puts in £30
you get £10 tax relief
A total of £80 goes into your pension each payday.
Work out your contributions using the Money Advice Service’s contributions calculator.
If you’ve been automatically enrolled in a workplace pension
The law says a minimum percentage of your ‘qualifying earnings’ must be paid into your workplace pension scheme.
‘Qualifying earnings’ are either:
the amount you earn before tax between £5,824 and £42,385 a year
your entire salary or wages before tax
Your employer chooses how to work out your qualifying earnings.
The minimum you pay The minimum your employer pays The government pays
0.8% of your ‘qualifying earnings’ rising to 4% by 2018 1% of your ‘qualifying earnings’ rising to 3% by 2018 0.2% of your ‘qualifying earnings’ rising to 1% by 2018
If your employer offers you a defined contribution scheme, the minimum amounts can go up in October 2017 and October 2018.
The minimum amounts could be higher for you or your employer because of your pension scheme’s rules. They’re higher for most defined benefit schemes.
In other schemes you and your employer have the option to pay in more than the legal minimum. You can pay in less - as long as your employer puts in enough to meet the legal minimum.
If you’re not yet automatically enrolled into a workplace pension
Your employer decides the minimum and maximum amounts you and they can pay in. If you pay Income Tax, the government automatically adds tax relief to your contribution.
How your take-home pay changes
Joining a workplace pension scheme means that your take-home income will be reduced. But this may:
mean you’re entitled to tax credits or an increase in the amount of tax credits you get (although you may not get this until the next tax year)
mean you’re entitled to an income-related benefit or an increase in the amount of benefit you get
reduce the amount of student loan repayments you need to make
Previous
About workplace pensions
Next
Protection for your pension
3. Protection for your pension
How your pension is protected depends on the type of scheme.
Defined contribution pension schemes
If your employer goes bust
Defined contribution schemes are usually run by pension providers, not employers. You won’t lose your pension pot if your employer goes bust.
If your pension provider goes bust
If the pension provider was authorised by the Financial Conduct Authority and can’t pay you, you can get compensation from the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS).
Trust-based schemes
Some defined contribution schemes are run by a trust appointed by the employer. These are called ‘trust-based schemes’.
You’ll still get your pension if your employer goes out of business. But you might not get as much because the scheme’s running costs will be paid by members’ pension pots instead of the employer.
Defined benefit pension schemes
Your employer is responsible for making sure there’s enough money in the pension fund to pay each member the promised amount.
Your employer can’t touch the money in your pension if they’re in financial trouble.
You’re usually protected by the Pension Protection Fund if your employer goes bust and can’t pay your pension.
The Pension Protection Fund usually pays:
100% compensation if you’ve reached the scheme’s pension age
90% compensation if you’re below the scheme’s pension age
Fraud, theft or bad management
If there’s a shortfall in your company’s pension fund because of fraud or theft, the Pension Protection Fund may be able to recover some of the money.
Contact one of the following organisations if you want to make a complaint about the way your workplace pension scheme is run:
the Pensions Advisory Service
the Pensions Ombudsman
Previous
What you, your employer and the government pay
Next
Managing your pension
4. Managing your pension
Find out how much you’ve saved
Your pension provider will usually send you a statement each year to tell you how much is in your pension pot. You can also ask them for an estimate of how much you’ll get when you start taking your pension pot.
What you see on your payslip
You don’t need to do anything to get tax relief on your pension contributions. There are 2 types of arrangements:
net pay
relief at source
Check with your employer which arrangement your workplace pension uses. This determines what you’ll see on your payslip.
‘Net pay’
Your employer takes your contribution from your pay before it’s taxed. You only pay tax on what’s left. This means you get full tax relief, no matter if you pay tax at the basic, higher or additional rate.
The amount you’ll see on your payslip is your contribution plus the tax relief.
You won’t get tax relief if you don’t pay tax, eg because you earn less than the tax threshold.
‘Relief at source’
Your employer takes your pension contribution after taking tax and National Insurance from your pay. However much you earn, your pension provider then adds tax relief to your pension pot at the basic rate.
With ‘relief at source’, the amount you see on your payslip is only your contributions, not the tax relief.
You may be able to claim money back if you pay higher or additional rate Income Tax.
Tracing lost pensions
The Pension Tracing Service could help you find pensions you’ve paid into but lost track of.
Nominate someone to get your pension if you die
You may be able to nominate (choose) someone to get your pension if you die before reaching the scheme’s pension age. You can do this when you first join the pension or by writing to your provider.
Ask your pension provider if you can nominate someone and what they’d get, eg regular payments or lump sums. Check your scheme’s rules about:
who you can nominate - some payments can only go a dependant, eg your husband, wife, civil partner or child under 23
whether anything can change what the person gets, eg when and how you start taking your pension pot, or the age you die
You can change your nomination at any time. It’s important to keep your nominee’s details up to date.
Sometimes the pension provider can pay the money to someone else, eg if the person you nominated can’t be found or has died.
When and how your pension is paid
Most pension schemes set an age when you can take your pension, usually between 60 and 65. In some circumstances you can take your pension early. The earliest is usually 55.
How you get money from your pension depends on the type of scheme you’re in.
Defined contribution pension schemes
You’ll need to decide how to take your money if you’re in a defined contribution pension scheme.
Defined benefit pension schemes
You may be able to take some money as a tax-free lump sum if you’re in a defined benefit pension scheme - check with your pension provider. You’ll get the rest as a guaranteed amount each year.
Previous
Protection for your pension
Next
Changing jobs and taking leave
5. Changing jobs and taking leave
If you change jobs
Your workplace pension still belongs to you. If you don’t carry on paying into the scheme, the money will still be invested and you’ll get a pension when you reach the scheme’s pension age.
You can join another workplace scheme if you get a new job.
If you do, you may be able to:
carry on making contributions to your old pension
combine the old and new pension schemes
Ask your pension providers about your options.
If you move jobs but pay into an old pension, you may not get some of that pension’s benefits - check if they’re only available to current workers.
If you worked at your job for less than 2 years before leaving, you may be able to get a refund on what you’ve contributed. Check with your employer or the pension scheme provider.
Paid leave
During paid leave, you and your employer carry on making pension contributions.
The amount you contribute is based on your actual pay during this time, but your employer pays contributions based on the salary you would have received if you weren’t on leave.
Maternity and other parental leave
You and your employer will continue to make pension contributions if you’re getting paid during maternity leave.
If you’re not getting paid, your employer still has to make pension contributions in the first 26 weeks of your leave (‘Ordinary Maternity Leave’). They have to carry on making contributions afterwards if it’s in your contract. Check your employer’s maternity policy.
Unpaid leave
You may be able to make contributions if you want to - check with your employer or the pension scheme provider.
If you become self-employed or stop working
You may be able to carry on contributing to your workplace pension - ask the scheme provider.
You could use the National Employment Saving Trust (NEST) - a workplace pension scheme that self-employed people or sole directors of limited companies can use.
You could set up a personal or stakeholder pension.
You can get help and advice.
Previous
Managing your pension
Next
If you want to leave your
6. If you want to leave your workplace pension scheme
What you do if you want to leave a workplace pension depends on whether you’ve been ‘automatically enrolled’ in it or not.
If you weren’t ‘automatically enrolled’
Check with your employer - they’ll tell you what to do.
If you’ve been ‘automatically enrolled’
Your employer will have sent you a letter telling you that you’ve been added to the scheme.
You can leave (called ‘opting out’) if you want to.
If you opt out within a month of your employer adding you to the scheme, you’ll get back any money you’ve already paid in.
You may not be able to get your payments refunded if you opt out later - they’ll usually stay in your pension until you retire.
You can opt out by contacting your pension provider. Your employer must tell you how to do this.
Your employer can’t encourage or force you to opt out of a workplace pension scheme.
Reducing your payments
You may be able to reduce the amount you contribute to your workplace pension for a short time. Check with both your employer and your pension provider to see if you can do this and how long you can do it for.
Opting back in
You can do this at any time by writing to your employer. They don’t have to accept you back into their workplace scheme if you’ve opted in and then opted out in the past 12 months.
Rejoining automatically
Once you’ve left your employer’s scheme, they’ll automatically enrol you back into their scheme after 3 years, as long as you still qualify. Your employer will write to you when they do this.
Previous
Changing jobs and taking leave
Next
Get help and advice
7. Get help and advice
For questions about the specific terms of your workplace pension scheme, talk to your pension provider or your employer.
You can get free, impartial information about your workplace pension options from:
the Money Advice Service
the Pensions Advisory Service
Pension Wise if you’re in a defined contribution pension scheme
You can get impartial advice about workplace pensions from an independent financial adviser. You’ll usually have to pay for the advice.
For general questions on workplace pensions contact the DWP Workplace Pension Information Line.
DWP Workplace Pension Information Line
Telephone (English): 0345 600 1268
Telephone (Welsh): 0345 600 8187
Textphone: 0345 850 0363
Monday to Friday, 8am to 6pm
Find out about call charges
Only use the information line if you’re a worker - employers should contact The Pensions Regulator.
Problems with being ‘automatically enrolled’
Contact the The Pensions Regulator if you have concerns about the way your employer is dealing with automatic enrolment.
The Pensions Advisory Service may also be able to help you.
If you’re already paying into a personal pension
Check whether it’s better for you to:
carry on with just your personal pension
stop paying into your personal pension and join your workplace pension
keep paying into both
If you’re saving large amounts in pensions
You may have to pay a tax charge if your total savings in workplace pensions and any other personal pension scheme go above your:
lifetime allowance - £1.25 million
annual allowance - usually the lowest out of £40,000 or 100% of your annual income
If you start taking your pension pot your annual allowance could drop to as low as £10,000.
If your pension scheme is closing
This can happen if your employer decides they don’t want to use a scheme anymore or they can no longer pay their contributions. What happens to the money you paid in depends on the pension scheme you’ve joined.
If you’re getting a divorce
You and your spouse or partner will have to tell the court the value of each of your pension pots. You then have different options to work out what happens to your pension when you get a divorce.