Here’s a question- why did MAN take the Saviem cab, when it was no more modern than the Bussing one? Did the Bussing takeover happen after the deal with Saviem had been struck?
Evening all, Anorak, fair few questions to answer there! The whole story of MAN is fascinating, from success, to near bancrupcy, then rescued by its national Government using its competitor as saviour, then on to unbridled success!
Lets start with Saviem. Formed 1955 by association of the lorry building companys, Renault, Latil, Somua, and the bus builder Floriat. 1961 a 25year agreement signed with German manufacturer Henschel, whereby Saviem lightweights would be sold in Germany as Henschel, and Henschel engines would appear in heavier Saviems. The first being the JL20 of 1962, 35tonnes gtw, 4x2, powered by a Henschel 520D6T of 204hp. Marketed in the new Saviem Blue paint to “hide” its Somua ancestory.
1963 Henschel was acquired by Rheinstatil, the parent of Hanomag, and the thus far unhappy association ended. Henschel again entered a short lived collaboration with Rootes Group, but by 1973 Hanomag-Henschel was absorbed by Daimler Benz, and disappeared.
1968 Saviem introduced their new tilting pressed steel cabin, which was way ahead of anything produced at that time in terms of lightness, space utilisation, and cost of production. As most will appreciate the cost of cab development is horrendous, and the new design, with potentialy a 25 year life attracted major attention, replacing as it did "coachbuilt " designs, previously the norm.
1968 a joint agreement with MAN was signed whereby the current series 2156 engines, and the V8 series engines would be used by Saviem, and MAN would market the lighter ranges in Germany. Saviem also gained the right to produce and market the bonneted range of public utility rigids, tractors and dumpers, as the TP, (Traveaux Public), range to attack Berliets GL, and GB ranges. The MAN designed 797, and turbo 798 series engines were to be produced at the former Limoge armaments works, to be installed in the still to be produced Jrange. This again to be sold in Germany as MAN.
MAN at that time derived approx 25% of its turnover from component supply, and Saviem , although an axle producer in its own right, now gained access at to heavier double drive bogie sets as part of the deal, and went after M Berliets TBO heavy haulage client base.
1968 saw MAN gain financial stake in Bussing, by 1971 it was taken over and absorbed. The “Unterflur” range was discontinued, but due to German Operator protests, was re introduced with the Saviem produced cab.
Oh by the way, that beautiful column gearchange, well that was a very old Renault design, adopted by MAN, and sold on the basis of increased “living space” in the cab. Those that have driven with it, either with Fuller, or ZF attached, know what a wonderful device it was! Lightning fast changes, and precise. When it was dropped, both by MAN and Saviem, the reason given was the, “high synchromesh loads” of synchro gearboxes…funny, in France, almost universally the column change was over a Saviem synchromesh G350 10 speed box!
MAN and Hungarian company Raba, they had collaborated as far back as the1930s. By 1970 they were building MAN product under licence. When there were difficulties in producing cabs in 84/85, and DAF stepped into the breach, they sat on MAN running gear.
Austrian builder OAF had been an associate of MAN since 1936. By the late 50s, although managed by MAN, the company followed its own policies, even fitting ■■■■■■■■ Mercedes and Leyland engines! Graf and Stift were acquired, and some of the last tractors produced by G&S, were Leyland 680 powered. From the mid 70s OAF began to concentrate their production on specialised products, 6x6,and multi axle heavy haulage machines, becoming the specialist arm of MAN. And yes our Saviem 6x6 tractors as used in the construction of the new runway at Nice Airport, were OAF designs.
1971, the collaboration with Autocamiane Brasov was signed…who could ever forget the Roman range!!! But some of them worked, amazing how far from Rumania one would see those 6x4 tractor units!
1991 MAN swallowed, (and killed), those excellent Austrians Steyr, and I have not touched upon the VW tie up in the mid 70s, when the Saviem/Berliet marriage deprived MAN of lightweight chassis. MAN were producing in Turkey, MAN-AS, and have an operation in India,Shakti-MAN. Truly an international player.
MAN was an excellent collaborator, as well as engineering company. Remember the early "maxi couple " Berliet engines had MAN M type combustion technology, as had Berliet engines for many years. Berliet merely calling it “magic” combustion.
But perhaps MANs most fortuetous collaboration was with Daimler Benz.Initially under Federal Government sponsorship to develop Tank engines, it led to the joint venture that resulted in the D25 series engines. In line 6s to MAN, Vs to Daimler Benz.
By 1981 the German domestic market was shrinking by around 12%, and chassis production was down by 8% (German Federal Registration Bureau figures). MAN were chasing export business, and succeeding. 5600 units anually into Saudi Arabia, and a staggering 11000 units into Iraq. Volume, oh yes, profit…oh no! MAN lost 500000000DM in the period 83/85 (around 128m GBP, by my calculation). MANs parent the GHH Group, (Gutehoffnunghutte) was deeply concerned! So in through the door pops Uncle Sam, in the guise of General Motors, whose world truck programme had hit hard times, and they need a foothold in Europe to carry Bedford.
Both the German Government, and MANs collaborator on system 25, Daimler Benz were concerned to say the least! If GM took MAN, overnight the combined European market share would be over11% So not only would Mercedes Benz be competing with Iveco, RVI, but a new giant GM-MAN. And in the US as well where Daimler Benz were getting to grips with Freightliner.
Mercedes were competing in the depressed German market, but they had utilised spare truck capacity to produce motor car components, saving over 3000 possible redundancies, (something RVI looked at with envy)!! And even in a market suffering gross overcapacity, Mercedes turned in a 1984 profit of £280million, so they were strong!
Gutehoffnunghutte also owned a defence contract techology company, MTU, as well as MAN. thus Mercedes Chairman, Werner Breitschwerdt made the “generous” offer to GHH Chairman Klaus Gotte, to acquire MTU for £170million. Therefore MAN would be saved, and would further collaborate with Mercedes, both in engines, axles, and sheet metal, to an anual worth of £90millin thereby assuring MANs future.
Interesting corporate history is it not, not at all like our own!! Did it meet EU rules…well, we missed our chance to ask…as ever!
But MAN lorries, well I loved them, 16.240, 16.280. 321, and F90s, 4x2s, 6x2s bloomin great lorries. Cheerio for now.