Happiness matters more than money, don’t waste your life in a job that makes you unhappy just for the wages or pension.
However, it is wise to consider your finances while you’re young and not leave retirement planning too late. There will come a time when you can’t earn any more money so you should be prepared, and don’t plan on relaying on the State system. By the time you’re old enough there will be so many other old people living longer, and not enough working people, that there won’t be enough money to go round. The demographic time bomb they call it.
You get tax relief on money you pay into a pension, but most of it will be taxed when you take it. Company pensions come broadly in two flavours:
A ‘defined benefit’ scheme calculates your pension according to a prescribed formula, usually related to your salary and length of service. It was once common that only your salary near the end of your career was used, but nowadays more schemes use your average salary throughout your career which is fairer but produces a lower pension. You will pay a share towards the cost of the pension, but your employer will pump as much money into the scheme as is necessary to pay for the amount of pension they have promised you. Therefore your employer carries all the investment risks, and the risk that you might live to be 100. There aren’t many defined benefit schemes left as they are very expensive because the benefits are so good. Most of them are in the public sector, and the private sector has closed them down in favour of the cheaper ‘defined contribution’ scheme where all the risks are carried by the members, not the employers.
A ‘defined contribution’ scheme is a pot of money that you and your employer pay into together. The investment value rises (and falls), and you have decisions at the end what to do with the pot. You can usually take 25% of it tax-free, and it was once the case that you would normally have had to use the rest to buy a pension (called an annuity) with an insurance company. However, since April 2015 you are allowed to take as much of it as you like in cash. However, whatever you take above the 25% tax-free allowance gets taxed as income through the PAYE system when you take it, so you can very quickly end up paying 40% tax or more.
Remember that in a company scheme your employer is paying into your pension as well as you. If you don’t join the scheme then you lose out on the employer’s contribution, as well as the tax relief on your own contributions. You can go it alone with a personal pension or Self-Investment Personal Pension (SIPP) as mentioned above if you like, but don’t expect your employer to pay into it as well. And if you’re choosing your own investments you will need to be sure you know what you’re doing (or get lucky) if you want to beat the returns of funds managed by professional investment managers. Yes, they charge fees, but if they are good at what they do then isn’t that worth the price?
Please watch out for scammers though. The pensions industry has been targeted in recent years by organised crime gangs who are offering ‘free pension reviews’, texting and cold calling people trying to persuade them to transfer their pension or take out some special deal. DON’T TRUST THEM! Make sure you deal with an adviser who is properly regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in the UK. The scammers often use advisers based in other EU countries who can legally work in the UK, but don’t understand our rules or follow them. Don’t agree to transfer your pension to an overseas pension scheme (called a QROPS or Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme) unless you have a definite plan to leave the UK and live abroad when you retire. Scammers use QROPS products to get your money out of the country so it is more difficult for you to track it down and may well try to steal it.
There is no such thing as a ‘free pension review’, and if you find one on a website or someone calls you to offer one, walk away. Pensions are complicated, and good financial advice is not free. NEVER sign a form that an ‘adviser’ sends round to your home by courier.
So who said it was no good coming on a forum like this for pension advice? 