Something I found interesting as a comment under an article for May - Renzi talks.
Note that the exit agreement and a new UK-EU trade deal are legally two SEPARATE issues, also with different voting rules. The trade negotiations can only start AFTER the UK exits the EU.
This is the unanimous position of all EU-27 leaders plus Tusk and Juncker (see the statement below), the position of the European Parliament (the resolution adopted by 395 votes for, 200 against, 71 abstain) and the position of the European Commission (see the statements of the trade commissioner below).
The statement of the EU-27 leaders (see below) explains the phases of UK’s exit from the EU:
(1) The UK has to trigger Article 50.
(2) Negotiations about the exit agreement (with the two-year deadline). A qualified majority of the EU-27 is required for the agreement to be valid (at least 20 of the 27 EU members representing at least 65% of the EU-27 population; both criteria have to be met). Note that these negotiations will NOT be about the future trading relationship between the UK and the EU, but rather only about disentangling the UK from the EU: how to handle the running projects in the UK which are funded by the EU, what happens to the Ireland-UK border (which will become an outer EU border), what will be the status of the EU citizens living in the UK and the UK citizens living in the EU, for how long the EU will allow the UK citizens to use their passports with the ‘EU’ label before they become invalid travel documents, which EU agencies will move from the UK to the EU, how much money the UK still owes to the EU budget etc. etc.
(3) The UK formally leaves the EU = becomes a ‘third country’ with respect to the EU, a non-EU member without any trade agreement with the EU. The trade between the UK and the EU is based on the WTO rules.
(4) There may be negotiations about a new trade agreement between the UK and the EU. If the UK wants access to the single market, it will have to accept free movement of people. 100% consent of all 27 EU members needed = EACH EU member holds a veto right. In case of a trade deal via EEA, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein also hold a veto right. The ratification procedure alone (AFTER the negotiations are finished) takes two years.
We, the Heads of State or Government of 27 Member States, as well as the Presidents of the European Council and the European Commission [= PMs or presidents of 27 EU members plus Tusk and Juncker] …
There is a need to organise the withdrawal of the UK from the EU in an orderly fashion. Article 50 TEU provides the legal basis for this process. It is up to the British government to notify the European Council of the UK’s intention to withdraw from the Union. This should be done as quickly as possible. There can be no negotiations of any kind before this notification has taken place. …
In the future, we hope to have the UK as a close partner of the EU and we look forward to the UK stating its intentions in this respect. Any agreement, which will be concluded with the UK as a third country [= AFTER the UK formally leaves the EU], will have to be based on a balance of rights and obligations. Access to the Single Market requires acceptance of all four freedoms.
Statement from the informal EU-27 summit on 29 June 2016.
The European Parliament … recalls that any new relationship between the UK and the EU may not be agreed before the conclusion of the withdrawal agreement.
From the European Parliament resolution of 28 June 2016 on the decision to leave the EU resulting from the UK referendum.
EU Trade Commissioner: No trade talks until full Brexit (BBC):
The European Union’s top trade official [the EU Commissioner for Trade Cecilia Malmström] says the UK cannot begin negotiating terms for doing business with the bloc until after it has left.
“First you exit then you negotiate,” Cecilia Malmstrom told BBC Newsnight.
After Brexit, the UK would become a “third country” in EU terms, she said - meaning trade would be carried out based on World Trade Organisation rules until a new deal was complete.
Under EU law, the bloc cannot negotiate a separate trade deal with one of its own members, hence the commissioner’s insistence that the UK must first leave.